{"id":2321,"date":"2025-09-18T14:24:42","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T06:24:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.madbull.site\/?p=2321"},"modified":"2025-10-15T10:30:11","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T02:30:11","slug":"c%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%8c%e6%a0%87%e5%87%86%e5%ba%93%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%b9%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.madbull.site\/?p=2321","title":{"rendered":"C++\u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5bb9\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff08std<\/code>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684 \u5bb9\u5668\uff08Containers\uff09<\/strong> \u662f STL\uff08Standard Template Library\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4f60\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u65e0\u9700\u201c\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83e\udded \u4e00\u3001std<\/code> \u5bb9\u5668\u5206\u7c7b\u603b\u89c8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C++ \u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\u7279\u70b9<\/th>\u5e38\u89c1\u5bb9\u5668<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u2705 \u5e8f\u5217\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Sequence Containers\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u7ebf\u6027\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u51b3\u5b9a\u542b\u4e49<\/td>vector<\/code>, list<\/code>, deque<\/code>, array<\/code>, forward_list<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u2705 \u5173\u8054\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Associative Containers\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u5143\u7d20\u6309\u952e\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/td>set<\/code>, map<\/code>, multiset<\/code>, multimap<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u2705 \u65e0\u5e8f\u5173\u8054\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Unordered Associative Containers\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u6392\u5e8f<\/td>unordered_set<\/code>, unordered_map<\/code>, unordered_multiset<\/code>, unordered_multimap<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u2705 \u5bb9\u5668\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08Container Adapters\uff09<\/strong><\/td>\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb9\u5668\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u63a5\u53e3\u201d\u5bb9\u5668<\/td>stack<\/code>, queue<\/code>, priority_queue<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2705 \u5bb9\u5668\u6240\u5728\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u5bb9\u5668<\/th>\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6<\/th>include\u683c\u5f0f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
std::vector<\/code><\/td><vector><\/code><\/td>#include <vector><\/code><\/td><\/tr>
std::map<\/code><\/td><map><\/code><\/td>#include <map><\/code><\/td><\/tr>
std::list<\/code><\/td><list><\/code><\/td>#include <list><\/code><\/td><\/tr>
std::stack<\/code><\/td><stack><\/code><\/td>#include <stack><\/code><\/td><\/tr>
std::unordered_set<\/code><\/td><unordered_set><\/code><\/td>#include <unordered_set><\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n

\ud83d\udccc \u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u5728 <xxx><\/code> \u5934\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u9700 #include <xxx><\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f4d\u4e8e std<\/code> \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\ud83d\udce6 \u4e8c\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u5bb9\u5668\u4ecb\u7ecd + \u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5e8f\u5217\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Sequence Containers\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u27a4 std::vector<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u52a8\u6001\u6570\u7ec4\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <vector>\nstd::vector<int<\/strong>> v = {1, 2, 3};\nv.push_back(4); \/\/ [1,2,3,4]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee O(1)\uff0c\u5c3e\u90e8\u589e\u5220\u5feb\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\u6162<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::list<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u53cc\u5411\u94fe\u8868<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <list>\nstd::list<int<\/strong>> lst = {1, 2, 3};\nlst.push_front(0); \/\/ [0,1,2,3]\nlst.push_back(4);  \/\/ [0,1,2,3,4]\nlst.splice(lst.begin(), lst, --lst.end()); \/\/ \u79fb\u52a8\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u4efb\u610f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664 O(1)\uff0c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u5927<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::deque<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u53cc\u7aef\u961f\u5217\uff08double-ended queue\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <deque>\nstd::deque<int<\/strong>> dq = {1, 2, 3};\ndq.push_front(0); \/\/ [0,1,2,3]\ndq.push_back(4);  \/\/ [0,1,2,3,4]\nint<\/strong> x = dq[2];    \/\/ \u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff01<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u5934\u5c3e\u63d2\u5165\u5220\u9664\u90fd\u5feb O(1)\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u5982 vector \u5feb\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::array<T, N><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u6570\u7ec4\uff08C++11\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <array>\nstd::array<int<\/strong>, 5> arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\narr[0] = 10;\nstd::cout << arr.size(); \/\/ 5<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u66ff\u4ee3 C \u98ce\u683c\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u652f\u6301 STL \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6808\u4e0a\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u96f6\u5f00\u9500<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::forward_list<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u5355\u5411\u94fe\u8868\uff08C++11\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <forward_list>\nstd::forward_list<int<\/strong>> fl = {1, 2, 3};\nfl.push_front(0);<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u6bd4 list<\/code> \u66f4\u7701\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u5355\u5411\u904d\u5386\uff0c\u65e0 size()<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5173\u8054\u5bb9\u5668\uff08Associative Containers\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u57fa\u4e8e\u7ea2\u9ed1\u6811\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6392\u5e8f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::set<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u96c6\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <set>\nstd::set<int<\/strong>> s = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5}; \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u91cd+\u6392\u5e8f \u2192 {1,3,4,5}\ns.insert(2);\nauto<\/strong> it = s.find(3); \/\/ O(log n)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u4e0d\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7d20\u503c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u6392\u5e8f\u4f9d\u8d56\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5220+\u63d2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::map<Key, Value><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u6709\u5e8f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <map>\nstd::map<std::string, int<\/strong>> ages;\nages[\"Alice\"] = 30;\nages[\"Bob\"] = 25;\n\nfor<\/strong> (const<\/strong> auto<\/strong>& p : ages) {\n    std::cout << p.first << \": \" << p.second << \"\\n\"; \/\/ \u6309 key \u6392\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 key \u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u6309 key \u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u652f\u6301 []<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\uff08\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::multiset<T><\/code> \/ std::multimap<Key, Value><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\/\u952e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
std::multiset<int<\/strong>> ms = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3};\nstd::multimap<std::string, std::string> mm;\nmm.insert({\"tag\", \"C++\"});\nmm.insert({\"tag\", \"STL\"});<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u201c\u4e00\u5bf9\u591a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\u201d\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3\ufe0f\u20e3 \u65e0\u5e8f\u5173\u8054\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u2014\u2014 C++11 \u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u67e5\u627e\u66f4\u5feb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::unordered_set<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u65e0\u5e8f\u552f\u4e00\u96c6\u5408<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <unordered_set>\nstd::unordered_set<std::string> us = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"};\nif<\/strong> (us.count(\"apple\")) { ... } \/\/ O(1) \u5e73\u5747<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u67e5\u627e\/\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664\u5e73\u5747 O(1)\uff0c\u6700\u574f O(n)\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u987a\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::unordered_map<Key, Value><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u65e0\u5e8f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528 map \u66ff\u4ee3\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <unordered_map>\nstd::unordered_map<std::string, int<\/strong>> word_count;\nword_count[\"hello\"]++; \/\/ \u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a0\u518d\u52a01<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u6027\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e map<\/code>\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::unordered_multiset<T><\/code> \/ std::unordered_multimap<K,V><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u65e0\u5e8f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
4\ufe0f\u20e3 \u5bb9\u5668\u9002\u914d\u5668\uff08Container Adapters\uff09\u2014\u2014 \u5c01\u88c5\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u53d7\u9650\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::stack<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u6808\uff08LIFO\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <stack>\nstd::stack<int<\/strong>> stk;\nstk.push(1);\nstk.push(2);\nstd::cout << stk.top(); \/\/ 2\nstk.pop(); \/\/ \u5220\u96642<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u57fa\u4e8e deque<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u6307\u5b9a\uff1astack<int, vector<int>><\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::queue<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u961f\u5217\uff08FIFO\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <queue>\nstd::queue<int<\/strong>> q;\nq.push(1);\nq.push(2);\nstd::cout << q.front(); \/\/ 1\nq.pop();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u57fa\u4e8e deque<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u27a4 std::priority_queue<T><\/code> \u2014\u2014 \u4f18\u5148\u961f\u5217\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6700\u5927\u5806\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
#include <queue>\nstd::priority_queue<int<\/strong>> pq; \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u5806\npq.push(3);\npq.push(1);\npq.push(4);\nstd::cout << pq.top(); \/\/ 4\uff08\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff09\npq.pop();<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u53ef\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bd4\u8f83\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
std::priority_queue<int<\/strong>, std::vector<int<\/strong>>, std::greater<int<\/strong>>> min_pq;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\ud83c\udd9a \u4e09\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5bb9\u5668\uff1f\u901f\u67e5\u8868<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u9700\u6c42<\/th>\u63a8\u8350\u5bb9\u5668<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u9700\u8981\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee + \u52a8\u6001\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>vector<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u9891\u7e41\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d2\u5165\/\u5220\u9664<\/td>list<\/code> \u6216 forward_list<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u9700\u8981\u5934\u5c3e\u9ad8\u6548\u64cd\u4f5c<\/td>deque<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u56fa\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u6570\u7ec4<\/td>array<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u9700\u8981\u6392\u5e8f + \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/td>set<\/code> \/ map<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u53ea\u9700\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u987a\u5e8f<\/td>unordered_set<\/code> \/ unordered_map<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u6808\u7ed3\u6784\uff08LIFO\uff09<\/td>stack<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u961f\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\uff08FIFO\uff09<\/td>queue<\/code><\/td><\/tr>
\u9700\u8981\u6309\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20<\/td>priority_queue<\/code><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\ud83e\udde9 \u56db\u3001\u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u5171\u6709\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
container.empty()     \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\ncontainer.size()      \/\/ \u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\ncontainer.clear()     \/\/ \u6e05\u7a7a\ncontainer.begin()\/end() \/\/ \u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n
\u2705 \u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5bb9\u5668\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u8303\u56f4 for \u5faa\u73af\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
for<\/strong> (const<\/strong> auto<\/strong>& item : my_container) { ... }<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\ud83c\udfaf \u4e94\u3001\u4e3e\u4e2a\u7efc\u5408\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u8bcd\u9891\u7387<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <vector>\n#include <unordered_map>\n#include <algorithm>\n\nint<\/strong> main<\/strong>() {\n    std::vector<std::string> words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\", \"banana\", \"apple\"};\n\n    \/\/ \u7528 unordered_map \u7edf\u8ba1\u8bcd\u9891\n    std::unordered_map<std::string, int<\/strong>> freq;\n    for<\/strong> (const<\/strong> auto<\/strong>& word : words) {\n        freq[word]++;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\n    for<\/strong> (const<\/strong> auto<\/strong>& [word, count] : freq) { \/\/ C++17 \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7ed1\u5b9a\n        std::cout << word << \": \" << count << \"\\n\";\n    }\n\n    return<\/strong> 0;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
apple: 3\nbanana: 2\ncherry: 1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
\u2705 \u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
std<\/code> \u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bb9\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • vector<\/code>, list<\/code>, deque<\/code>, array<\/code>, forward_list<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • set<\/code>, map<\/code>, multiset<\/code>, multimap<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • unordered_set<\/code>, unordered_map<\/code>, unordered_multiset<\/code>, unordered_multimap<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • stack<\/code>, queue<\/code>, priority_queue<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \ud83d\udca1 \u73b0\u4ee3 C++ \u7f16\u7a0b\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u624b\u5199\u6570\u7ec4\u6216\u94fe\u8868 \u2014\u2014 \u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\uff01<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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